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1.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1551111

ABSTRACT

En Perú, al 2019, solo el 6,4 % de los distritos disponen sus residuos urbanos en rellenos sanitarios, los cuales, están en situación de colapso, lo que exige buscar alternativas para mejorar la gestión de estos residuos y, frente a ello, el compostaje se perfila como una tecnología simple y económica, empleada para el tratamiento del componente orgánico, para reducir daños a la salud y al ambiente, sin embargo, la falta de criterios técnicos en su aplicación está afectando la calidad del compost final. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar los criterios técnicos de procesamiento y la calidad del compost, a través de residuos sólidos urbanos en los distritos de la provincia Leoncio Prado. La investigación identificó los distritos que aplican el compostaje a sus residuos y evaluó la técnica de procesamiento, indicadores fisicoquímicos y determinó la calidad con base en normas técnicas internacionales. Los resultados muestran que seis de diez distritos aplican el compostaje y los indicadores fisicoquímicos contrastados con los criterios de calidad de la norma técnica chilena (NCH 2880), colombiana 5167 y de la OMS, corresponden a compost de calidad intermedia (Clase B). Los compost evaluados no representan riesgo ambiental y pueden ser utilizados como enmienda en la mejora del suelo y los cultivos con algunas restricciones, por presentar valores elevados de humedad, pH y bajos niveles de P, Ca, Mg y K.


At 2019, in Peru, only 6.4 % of the districts dispose of their urban waste in sanitary landfills, which are in a situation of collapse, therefore is needed looking for alternatives to improve the management of this waste, facing this, composting is emerging as a simple and economical technology used for the treatment of the organic component, thus, reducing damage to health and the environment, however, the lack of technical criteria in its application is affecting the quality of the final compost. The objective of this research was to evaluate the technical criteria for processing and the quality of compost based on municipal solid waste in the districts of Leoncio Prado province. The research identified the districts that apply composting to their waste and evaluated the processing technique, physicochemical indicators and determined the quality based on international technical standards. The results show that six out of ten districts apply composting, and the physicochemical indicators contrasted with the quality criteria of the Chilean technical standard (NCH 2880), Colombian 5167 and WHO, correspond to intermediate quality compost (Class B). The evaluated compost does not represent an environmental risk and can be used as an amendment in soil and crop improvement with some restrictions, since it has high moisture, pH and low levels of P, Ca, Mg and K.

2.
Rev. peru. biol. (Impr.) ; 28(4): e21627, Oct.-Dec 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1361079

ABSTRACT

Resumen En este estudio se analiza y discute la ingesta de plástico y otros materiales antropogénicos por parte de Coragyps atratus en un vertedero de residuos suburbano de Calceta, Provincia de Manabí, Ecuador. De un total de 112 egagrópilas analizadas, el 100% contenía materiales antropogénicos siendo los más conspicuos, diferentes tipos de plásticos y microplásticos, además de metales, vidrio, suelo y otros. Se discute y contrasta con la bibliografía la importancia relativa de los materiales antropogénicos encontrados, así como su potencial impacto en la especie y para el ser humano.


Abstract This study analyzes and discusses the ingestion of plastic and other anthropogenic materials by Coragyps atratus in a suburban waste dump in Calceta, Manabí Province, Ecuador. Of a total of 112 pellets analyzed, 100% contained anthropogenic materials, the most conspicuous being different types of plastics and microplastics, as well as metals, glass, soil, and others. The relative importance of the anthropogenic materials found is discussed and analyzed, same as their potential impact on the species and humanity.

3.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 51(9): e20200600, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249559

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Composting and vermicomposting before addition to the soil is a viable alternative to the disposal of cattle manure. However, this residue has been used in the untreated form for seedling production. This study evaluated the use of cattle manure in natura, and the organic composted or vermicomposted variants of cattle manure on substrates used in the production of Eucalyptus urograndis seedlings. The treatments consisted of substrates formulated by mixing the organic fertilizers with washed sand in 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100 (v/v) percentages, compared to a commercial substrate. The E. urograndis seedlings were grown in tubes in a greenhouse and evaluated after 120 days for shoot and root dry weights, plant height, stem diameter, shoot/root ratio, and Dickson quality index. The substrate formulated from a mixture of 80% (v/v) of cattle manure in natura and washed sand allows for better development in Eucalyptus seedlings. Substrate containing 100% bovine manure vermicompost or organic compost produced seedlings with lower quality than in natura bovine manure but superior to the commercial substrate. Due to the health risks associated with use of untreated bovine manure, organic compost and vermicompost are good alternatives for the production of E. urograndis seedlings.


RESUMO: Uma alternativa para destinar corretamente o esterco bovino é realizar a compostagem e/ou vermicompostagem e depois adicioná-lo ao solo como fonte de nutrientes às plantas. Porém, este resíduo tem sido utilizado na produção de mudas sem tratamento. O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o uso de esterco bovino in natura, de composto orgânico e de vermicomposto, produzidos a partir do esterco bovino, em substratos para a produção de mudas de Eucalyptus urograndis. Os tratamentos constituíram-se dos substratos formulados pela mistura dos fertilizantes orgânicos com areia lavada nas porcentagens de 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100 (v/v), em comparação com um substrato comercial (SC). As mudas de Eucalyptus urograndis foram cultivadas em tubetes, em casa de vegetação, e avaliadas aos 120 dias quanto a massa seca da parte aérea e raiz, altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, relação parte aérea/raiz e índice de qualidade de Dickson. O substrato formulado pela mistura de 80% (v/v) de esterco bovino in natura com areia lavada proporcionou o melhor desenvolvimento das mudas de eucalipto. O substrato contendo 100% de vermicomposto de esterco bovino ou composto orgânico produziu mudas com qualidade inferior ao esterco bovino in natura, mas superior ao substrato comercial. Devido aos riscos à saúde associados ao uso de esterco bovino não tratado, o composto orgânico e o vermicomposto são boas alternativas para a produção de mudas de E. urograndis.

4.
Braz. j. biol ; 79(4): 589-593, Nov. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001490

ABSTRACT

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability to degrade organic matter by edaphic macrofauna (worms), carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio and hydrogenation potential (pH) during the vermicomposting process in different organic residues. The treatments were constituted by organic residues of animal origin (bovine, ovine and equine manure) and vegetable (herb-checkmate and coffee drag), which were conditioned in plastic pots with a capacity of 10 liters, comprising five treatments in a completely randomized experimental design, with five replications. Were inoculated 150 earthworms of the species Eisenia foetida, into each plot. After 87 days, the evaluation of the multiplication of the earthworms was carried out, through its manual count and its cocoons. At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, the samples were submitted to analysis of humidity at 60 °C, pH, volumetric density, chemical analysis of macronutrients and C/N ratio. There was a dominance of worms and cocoons in the process of vermicomposting in the residues of ovine manure and herb-checkmate. The macronutrients (P, K and Mg) and C/N ratio were higher in the vegetal residues, while for N higher values were found in ovine manure and coffee drag treatments, and for Ca higher value among treatments was observed in the coffee drag treatment at the end and the lowest value at initiation. The results obtained in this study demonstrate the importance of the edaphic macrofauna to the vermicomposting process, since it allows more information about its influence on the continuity of soil organic matter decomposition processes.


Resumo Este estudo objetivou avaliar a capacidade de degradar a matéria orgânica pela macrofauna edáfica (minhocas), a relação carbono/nitrogênio (C/N) e o potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), durante o processo da vermicompostagem em diferentes resíduos orgânicos. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por resíduos orgânicos de origem animal (esterco bovino, ovino e equino) e vegetal (resíduo de erva-mate e borra-de-café), os quais foram acondicionados em vasos plásticos com capacidade de 10 litros, compondo cinco tratamentos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualisado, com cinco repetições. Foram inoculadas 150 minhocas da espécie Eisenia foetida, em cada recipiente. Após 87 dias, foi realizada a avaliação da multiplicação das minhocas, através da sua contagem manual e seus casulos. Os resíduos foram submetidos, ao inicio e ao final do experimento, a análises de umidade a 60 °C, pH, densidade volumétrica, análise química de macronutrientes e relação C/N. Houve uma dominância de minhocas e casulos no processo da vermicompostagem nos resíduos de esterco ovino e erva-mate. Observou-se para os macronutrientes (P, K e Mg) e para a relação C/N uma maior quantidade nos resíduos vegetais, enquanto que para N valores maiores foram encontrados nos tratamentos esterco ovino e borra-de-café, e para Ca o maior valor entre os tratamentos foi observado no tratamento com borra de café ao final e o menor valor no inicio. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo demonstram a importância da macrofauna edáfica para o processo da vermicompostagem por possibilitar maiores informações sobre sua influência na continuidade dos processos de decomposição da matéria orgânica.


Subject(s)
Animals , Oligochaeta/physiology , Soil/chemistry , Composting , Garbage , Manure/analysis , Biodegradation, Environmental , Brazil , Cattle , Carbon/analysis , Sheep, Domestic , Horses , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Nitrogen/analysis
5.
Rev. colomb. biotecnol ; 21(1): 113-127, ene.-jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013904

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Lactic acid (LA) is an organic compound used in several industries, such as food, textile, chemical, and pharmaceutical. The global interest in this product is due to its use for the synthesis of numerous chemical compounds, including polylactic acid, a biodegradable thermoplastic and substitute for petroleum-derived plastics. An in-depth overview of the use of industrial and household wastes as inexpensive substrates in order to reduce the cost of LA production is presented. A review is carried out of the biotechnological aspects that must be taken into account when using some wastes with high transformation potential to produce LA in a submerged culture, as well recommendations for their use. The advantages and disadvantages of different types of treatments used for the transformation of waste into suitable substrates are considered. Several methods of fermentation, as well as genetic strategies for increasing the production, are summarized and compared. It is expected that in a few years there will be many advances in these areas that will allow greater large-scale production of LA using agroindustrial or household wastes, with potential positive economic and environmental impact in some regions of the planet.


RESUMEN El ácido láctico (AL) es un compuesto orgánico utilizado en diferentes industrias como la alimentaria, textil, química y farmacéutica. El interés mundial en este producto se debe a su uso para la síntesis de numerosos compuestos químicos, entre los que se incluye el ácido poliláctico, un termoplástico biodegradable y substituto del plástico derivado del petróleo. En este artículo se presenta una descripción general y en profundidad, del uso de residuos agroindustriales y domésticos como sustratos económicos para reducir los costos de producción del AL. La revisión aborda los aspectos biotecnológicos que deben ser considerados al utilizar algunos residuos con alto potencial de transformación para producir AL en un cultivo sumergido, así como algunas recomendaciones para su uso. Además, se consideran las ventajas y desventajas de diferentes tipos de tratamientos empleados para la transformación de residuos en sustratos adecuados. Finalmente, se resumen y comparan varios métodos de fermentación, así como estrategias genéticas para incrementar la producción de ácido láctico. Se espera que en pocos años existan más avances en esta área, que permitan una mayor producción de AL a gran escala usando residuos agroindustriales y domésticos, con un impacto económico y ambiental positivo, en algunas regiones del planeta.

6.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 50(2): 206-210, jun. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041810

ABSTRACT

Se realizó el compostaje de una mezcla de estiércol de ovino más paja. Se extrajo inóculo de 5 diferentes fases del proceso de compostaje (a los 18, 23, 28, 33 y 38 días de iniciado) y se evaluó su efecto en la reducción del tiempo de biotransformación de un compost de estiércol de ovino. Las muestras se conservaron en un ultracongelador, después se liofilizaron para obtener el inóculo y se agregaron 50 g a cada tratamiento en la segunda fase experimental. En dicha fase se establecieron seis tratamientos: C = paja (P) + estiércol de ovino (E), T1= P+E +inóculo de 18 días de iniciado el proceso de compostaje (I18), T2= P + E+I23, T3= P + E +128, T4= P + E + I33, T5= P + E + I38, con 3 repeticiones. Estos tratamientos se colocaron en una cámara de ambiente controlado con 45% de humedad relativa y a 30°C. Al mismo tiempo, se colocaron frascos con 50 g de material para medir la producción diaria y la acumulación de CO2, la temperatura, el pH, la conductividad eléctrica, la materia orgánica, el nitrógeno (N), el carbono total, la relación C:N, el tamaño de partícula y la densidad aparente. La producción de CO2 en los tratamientos T2 y T5 mostró diferencia significativa (p < 0,05) de respecto de los demás tratamientos, lo que demuestra que el inóculo de estos tratamientos aceleró la dinámica de los microorganismos y el proceso de compostaje. La calidad y la madurez del compost se garantizan a medida que disminuye la cantidad de CO2.


Composting was performed using a mixture of ovine manure and straw. Inoculum was extracted at five different phases of the composting process (18, 23, 28, 33 and 38 days after the start of the composting process) and its effect on reducing biotransformation time was evaluated in the composted ovine manure. The samples were preserved in a deep freezer, then lyophilized to obtain the inoculum, 50g of which was added to each treatment in the second experimental phase. Six treatments were established; C = straw (P) + ovine manure (E), T1 = P+ E+ inoculum 18 days after the start of the composting process (I18), T2 = P + E + I23, T3 = P + E +128, T4 = P + E +133, T5 = P + E +138, with three replications. Treatments were placed in a controlled-environment chamber at 45% relative humidity and 30°C along with flasks containing 50 g of material to measure daily production, CO2 accumulation, temperature, pH, electric conductivity (dS/m), organic matter (%), total nitrogen (%), total carbon (%), C: N ratio, particle size (Tp) and bulk density (g/l). CO2 production (mg) showed a significant difference (p <.05) of treatments T2 and T5 with respect to the others, which demonstrated that the inoculum of these treatments accelerated the dynamics of microorganisms and the composting process. The quality and maturity of the compost are guaranteed as the amount of CO2 decreases.


Subject(s)
Animals , Soil , Composting , Manure , Temperature , Sheep , Carbon , Nitrogen
7.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 29: 78-85, sept. 2017. tab, graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1017382

ABSTRACT

Background: Biohydrogen effluent contains a high concentration of volatile fatty acid (VFA) mainly as butyric, acetic, lactic and propionic acids. The presence of various VFAs (mixture VFAs) and their cooperative effects on two-stage biohythane production need to be further studied. The effect of VFA concentrations in biohydrogen effluent of palm oil mill effluent (POME) on methane yield in methane stage of biohythane production was investigated. Results: The methane yield obtained in low VFA loading (0.9 and 1.8 g/L) was 15­20% times greater than that of high VFA loading (3.6 and 4.7 g/L). Butyric acid at high concentrations (8 g/L) has the individual significantly negative effect the methane production process (P b 0.05). Lactic, acetic and butyric acid mixed with propionic acid at a concentration higher than 0.5 g/L has an interaction significantly negative effect on the methanogenesis process (P b 0.05). Inhibition condition had a negative effect on both bacteria and archaea with inhibited on Geobacillus sp., Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum, Methanoculleus thermophilus and Methanothermobacter delfuvii resulting in low methane yield. Conclusion: Preventing the high concentration of butyric acid, and propionic acid in the hydrogenic effluent could enhance methane production in two-stage anaerobic digestion for biohythane production.


Subject(s)
Propionates/metabolism , Butyrates/metabolism , Wastewater/microbiology , Methane/biosynthesis , Propionates/analysis , Butyrates/analysis , Palm Oil , Methanobacteriaceae , Archaea , Methanomicrobiaceae , Geobacillus , Fermentation , Wastewater/analysis , Hydrogen , Anaerobiosis
8.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 33(4): 886-896, july/aug. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-966250

ABSTRACT

In recent decades, organic and/or inorganic nonconventional waste such as sewage sludge, agroindustrial or industrial waste, inorganic waste, steel slag, etc., have become some of the most promising alternatives to commercial fertilizer shortages or rising prices. Hence, the aim was to evaluate morphological changes in corn plants and variations in chemical properties of cohesive Yellow Latosol (Oxisol), after the incorporation of sewage sludge doses from domestic waste and the dairy industry. The experimental units were randomised blocks designed with four repetitions. The treatments consisted of five doses of each sewage sludge incorporated into the soil, that is: Domestic Sewage Sludge (DSS) in doses of 0.0; 3.1; 4.6; 6.1 and 9.2 Mg ha-1 (on a dry basis ), and Industrial Sewage Sludge (ISS) in doses of 0.0; 5.2; 7.8; 10.4 e 15.6 Mg ha-1 (on a dry basis), all equivalent to 0; 100; 150; 200 and 300 kg of total N ha-1. Doses equivalent to 150 - 300 kg total N ha-1 led to greater gains in stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh and dry mass of leaves. Increasing doses of both sewage sludges enable gains in the morphological variables studied, except for root length. Positive linear increments occur in the pH and phosphorus content of soils when the doses of sewage sludge are increased. The exchangeable aluminium and potential acidity are reduced, from the first dose of industrial sewage sludge, with no significant difference for domestic sewage sludge.


Nas últimas décadas a utilização de resíduos orgânicos e/ou inorgânicos não convencionais, como lodo de esgoto, resíduos agroindustriais ou industriais, rejeitos inorgânicos, escórias siderúrgicas, dentre outros, surgem como alternativas promissoras a escassez ou encarecimento dos fertilizantes comerciais. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se avaliar alterações morfológicas em plantas de milho e alterações nos atributos químicos de um Latossolo Amarelo coeso, após a incorporação de doses de lodos esgoto doméstico e da indústria de laticínios. Os experimentos foram instalados em um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco doses de cada lodo incorporadas ao solo, sendo: Lodo de esgoto doméstico (LD) nas doses de 0,0; 3,1; 4,6; 6,1 e 9,2 Mg ha-1 (em base seca) e Lodo de esgoto industrial (LI) nas doses de 0,0; 5,2; 7,8; 10,4 e 15,6 Mg ha-1 (em base seca), equivalentes a 0; 100; 150; 200 e 300 kg de nitrogênio total ha-1. As doses equivalentes de 150 a 300 kg de N ha-1 propiciaram maiores ganhos de diâmetro de colmo, número de folhas, massa fresca e massa seca de folhas. Aumentos nas doses de ambos os lodos de esgotos propiciam ganhos nas variáveis morfológicas estudadas, exceto para o comprimento de raízes. Incrementos lineares positivos ocorrem no pH e no teor de fósforo dos solos com o aumento das doses de lodos. O alumínio trocável e a acidez potencial são reduzidos, a partir da primeira dose de lodo de esgoto industrial, não havendo diferença significativa para o lodo doméstico.


Subject(s)
Sewage , Soil Characteristics , Zea mays , Garbage
9.
Eng. sanit. ambient ; 22(3): 491-499, mai.-jun. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-840433

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O tratamento de resíduos sólidos orgânicos por digestão anaeróbia é realizado por um consórcio de micro-organismos, no qual as archaea metanogênicas são as limitantes do processo, por serem mais sensíveis às mudanças nas condições do meio e possuírem crescimento lento. Para acompanhar a evolução do tratamento, algumas variáveis do processo de digestão anaeróbia são monitoradas, dentre elas, a demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), geralmente utilizada para estimar a matéria degradável e passível de ser convertida em biogás. Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência do processo de conversão de biomassa em metano, este artigo se baseou no balanço de massa adaptado da literatura, utilizando valores de DQO e volume de biogás gerado no reator anaeróbio, aqui chamado de biorreator. A produção de biogás foi monitorada diariamente utilizando o método de deslocamento de água, com o auxílio de um contador eletrônico. Com base no balanço de massa, o tratamento mostrou-se viável, visto que 50% da concentração de DQO que entrou no sistema foi convertida em gás metano. Comparando-se aos valores descritos na literatura, que se encontram na faixa de 50 a 70%, a eficiência do tratamento poderá ser elevada com ajustes nos parâmetros de controle que influenciam o processo de digestão anaeróbia, tais como manter a temperatura constante em 37°C e o pH e a alcalinidade equilibrados, o que poderá melhorar as condições do meio em todas as etapas de degradação da matéria orgânica e aumentar a conversão em gás metano.


ABSTRACT The treatment of organic solid waste by anaerobic digestion is carried out by a consortium of microorganisms, in which the methanogenic archaea bacteria are the limiting of the process because they are more sensitive to changes in environmental conditions and have slow growth. To monitor the treatment, some variables of anaerobic digester process are monitored, among them, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), usually used to estimate the degradable material and that can be converted into biogas. In order to evaluate the efficiency of biomass conversion process into methane, this article is based on adapted mass balance of the literature using COD values ​​and volume of biogas generated in anaerobic reactor, here called the bioreactor. Biogas production was monitored daily using the water displacement method, with the aid of an electronic counter.The treatment was satisfactory, based on mass balance, which showed that 50% of the amount of COD entered into the system was completely converted into methane gas. Comparing to the values described in the literature that are in the range of 50 to 70%, the treatment efficiency can be elevated with adjustments to control parameters which influence the process of anaerobic digestion, such as keep the temperature constant at 37°C and balanced pH and alkalinity, which can improve the environmental conditions at all stages of degradation of organic matter and increase conversion into methane gas.

10.
Univ. salud ; 19(1): 116-125, mar. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-904646

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: Este artículo considera una propuesta de un modelo de aprovechamiento de residuos sólidos orgánicos para el departamento de Cundinamarca, el cual responde a la necesidad de una herramienta que apoye en la toma de decisiones para la planificación y gestión de los residuos sólidos orgánicos. Objetivo: Realizar una aproximación de un modelo de optimización conceptual, técnico y matemático para el apoyo en la toma de decisiones con el fin de minimizar impactos ambientales. Materiales y métodos: El tipo de investigación aplicada en este trabajo se considera descriptiva, dado que se presentan algunas características fundamentales del fenómeno homogéneo estudiado y se considera adicionalmente cuasi experimental. El cálculo del modelo para plantas del departamento está basado en tres ejes (ambiental, económico y social), presentes en la ecuación general de optimización. Resultados: Se obtiene un modelo de aprovechamiento de residuos sólidos orgánicos en las técnicas de tratamiento biológico de compostaje aeróbico y lombricultivo, optimizando el sistema con el ahorro de emisiones de gases efecto invernadero emitidos a la atmósfera, y en la reducción total del costo de disposición final de residuos sólidos orgánicos en relleno sanitario. Basándose en el principio económico de utilidad que determina la viabilidad ambiental y sostenibilidad en las plantas de aprovechamiento de residuos sólidos orgánicos para el departamento, los abonos orgánicos como el compost y humus capturan carbono e nitrógeno que reducen las toneladas de CO2.


Abstract Introduction: This article considers a proposal of a model of use of organic solids waste for the department of Cundinamarca, which responds to the need for a tool to support decision-making for the planning and management of organic solids waste. Objective: To perform an approximation of a conceptual technical and mathematician optimization model to support decision-making in order to minimize environmental impacts. Materials and methods: A descriptive study was applied due to the fact that some fundamental characteristics of the studied homogeneous phenomenon are presented and it is also considered to be quasi experimental. The calculation of the model for plants of the department is based on three axes (environmental, economic and social), that are present in the general equation of optimization. Results: A model of harnessing organic solids waste in the techniques of biological treatment of composting aerobic and worm cultivation is obtained, optimizing the system with the emissions savings of greenhouse gases spread into the atmosphere, and in the reduction of the overall cost of final disposal of organic solids waste in sanitary landfill. Based on the economic principle of utility that determines the environmental feasibility and sustainability in the plants of harnessing organic solids waste to the department, organic fertilizers such as compost and humus capture carbon and nitrogen that reduce the tons of CO2.


Subject(s)
Solid Waste , Composting
11.
Rev. luna azul ; (43): 499-517, jul.-dic. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-830559

ABSTRACT

La producción de papel está soportada principalmente en la madera debido a su alto contenido de celulosa. Sin embargo, actualmente se buscan fuentes alternativas que desestimulen el uso de este recurso favoreciendo la protección de los bosques. La celulosa también está presente en las especies vegetales que hacen parte del consumo humano y, por lo tanto, los residuos orgánicos podrían convertirse en materia prima para la fabricación de papel. En Colombia más del 60% de los residuos que se generan son de carácter orgánico y muy pocos se están aprovechando. Esta investigación se centró en evaluar el contenido de celulosa en diferentes residuos sólidos orgánicos. También, se evaluaron otras propiedades químicas como contenido de hemicelulosa y lignina, y propiedades físicas como densidad, contenido de humedad, entre otros, ya que estas propiedades condicionan los procesos de producción de papel y son importantes para conocer la viabilidad de uso y la estrategia de la extracción de la celulosa. 21 residuos sólidos fueron analizados a través de pruebas de laboratorio basadas en las normas ASTM y TAPPI y se encontró que 9 de estos tienen un alto contenido de celulosa. Tomando en cuenta todos los demás análisis se concluyó que varios residuos tienen alto potencial para ser usados en la producción de papel. El uso de residuos sólidos, además de ser una solución que promueve la protección de los bosques, se puede convertir en una alternativa para el manejo de residuos sólidos en Colombia.


Paper production is supported mainly by the wood due to its high content of cellulose. However, alternative sources that discourage the use of this resource and promoteprotection of forests are currently sough. The cellulose is also present in plants that are part of human consumption and therefore organic waste could become raw material for papermaking. In Colombia more than 60% of waste that is generated is organic and very few are reused. This research focused on evaluating the content of cellulose in several solid organic waste. Other chemical properties as hemicellulose and lignin content, and physical properties such as density, humidity, among others, were also evaluated because these properties determine the process of paper production and are important to know the feasibility to use and the strategy to extract the cellulose. 21 solid waste were analyzed by laboratory tests based on the ASTM and TAPPI standards and it was found that 9 of these solids have high cellulose content. Taking in account all the other analyses, we concluded that various solid residues have high potential to be used in the production of paper. The use of solid waste could be a solution that promotes the protection of forests and it would become in an alternative for solid waste management in Colombia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cellulose , Paper , Garbage , Lignin
12.
Acta biol. colomb ; 20(3): 111-120, jul.-set. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-757214

ABSTRACT

A fusariose é uma importante doença na cultura do maracujá e causa severa limitação na produção de frutos e redução da longevidade dos pomares. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de resíduos orgânicos in vitro e in vivo como medida alternativa no controle da fusariose do maracujazeiro, causada por Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae. Foram avaliadas seis concentrações in vitro (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 %), na forma de extrato aquoso, na inibição do crescimento micelial e in vivo (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100 g kg-1), incorporados ao solo, para o controle de Fusarium. Os resíduos orgânicos utilizados foram folhas de eucalipto, bagaço do coco babaçu e casca de mandioca. Nestes resíduos foram realizadas análises nutricionais e microbiológicas. Foi confirmada a patogenicidade dos isolados testados, o que comprova a fusariose em maracujazeiro amarelo in vivo. O bagaço do coco babaçu foi o que apresentou maiores concentrações de N, P e K. As espécies fúngicas presentes com maior frequência foram Penicillium sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus e Aspergillus ochraceus. In vitro o extrato de bagaço do coco babaçu obteve inibição significativa a 6 % e os extratos de folhas de eucalipto e casca de mandioca a 10 %. In vivo a concentração de 60 g kg¹ de bagaço do coco babaçu e 80 g kg¹ de casca de mandioca foram eficientes no controle da fusariose. O resíduo de eucalipto não influenciou o desenvolvimento da murcha do fusário no maracujazeiro em casa de vegetação. É possível utilizar resíduos orgânicos para o controle da fusariose em maracujazeiro amarelo.


The fusarium is an important disease in yellow passion fruit that causes severe limitation in fruit production and reduced longevity of the orchards. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of organic residues in vitro and in vivo as alternative control in Fusarium of yellow passion fruit, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae. Six concentrations were evaluated in vitro (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 %), in the form aqueous extracts, in the mycelial growth inhibition and in vivo (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 g kg-1), incorporated on soil for the Fusarium control. The organic residues used were eucalyptus leaves, bagasse babassu and cassava peeling. These residues were subjected to nutritional and microbiological analyzes. The pathogenicity of isolates tested was confirmed, which proves the presence of Fusarium in yellow passion fruit in vivo. Bagasse babassu presented the highest N, P and K concentration. Fungal species with higher frequency were Penicillium sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus ochraceus. I There was a significative inhibition in vitro of the bagasse babassu extract at 6 % and other two residues at 10 %. In vivo the 60 g kg-1 of bagasse babassu and 80 g kg-1 of cassava peeling were efficient for Fusarium control. Eucalyptus leaves presented no effect on development of Fusarium wilt in yellow passion fruit in the greenhouse. The organic residues can be used for the Fusarium control in yellow passion fruit.


La fusariosis, es una importante enfermedad en el cultivo de maracuyá que causa una severa limitación en la producción de frutos y una reducción en la longevidad del cultivo. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo, evaluar el efecto de residuos orgánicos in vitro e in vivo como medida alternativa para el manejo de la fusariosis en el maracuyá, causada por Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae. Se evaluaron seis concentraciones in vitro (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 y 10 %) en forma de extracto acuoso, e igual número, para la inhibición del crecimiento micelial in vivo (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 g kg-1), incorporados al suelo para el control de Fusarium. Los residuos orgánicos utilizados, fueron hojas de eucalipto, bagazo de coco babasú y cáscara de yuca. Estos residuos fueron sometidos a análisis nutricionales y microbiológicos. Se confirmó la patogeneidad de los aislados evaluados, lo que comprobó la presencia de fusariosis en el maracuyá amarillo in vivo. La bagazo babasú, presentó las mayores concentraciones de N, P y K. Las especies fúngicas presentes con mayor frecuencia fueron Penicillium sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus y Aspergillus ochraceus. En el proceso in vitro, el extracto de babasú presento inhibición significativa en la concentración del 6 % y, en los extractos de hojas de eucalipto y cáscara de yuca la del 10 %. A nivel in vivo, la concentración de 60 g kg¹ de bagazo babasú y 80 g kg¹ de cáscara de mandioca, fueron eficientes en el control de fusariosis. El residuo de eucalipto no influenció el desarrollo de la mancha de fusarium del maracuyá en vivero. Es posible utilizar residuos orgánicos para el control de fusarium en el cultivo de maracuyá amarillo.

13.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 31(5): 1378-1387, sept./oct. 2015.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-964876

ABSTRACT

Ever since the government began providing incentives for biofuel production, physic nut has appeared to be a promising plant, due to the high oil content of the seeds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutrition of physic nut seedlings and changes in the chemical attributes of soil, based on the doses of domestic and industrial sewage sludge. Two experiments were conducted in a design with casualized blocks with four replicates using samples of a "Latossolo Amarelo" that received five doses of each sludge, equivalent to 0; 100; 150; 200 and 300 kg N total ha-1. The domestic sewage sludge raised the calcium and magnesium contents in the dry mass of the aerial part and root, and nitrogen and phosphorus in the dry mass of the aerial part of physic nut seedlings, whereas the industrial sludge raised the calcium and nitrogen in the dry mass of the aerial part and root of the physic seedlings, but did not affect the phosphorus, nitrogen, magnesium and potassium contents in the dry mass of the aerial part and root. The domestic sludge did not alter the soil pH but raised the amounts of phosphorus, calcium + magnesium, cation exchange capacity, organic matter and reduced the exchangeable aluminum, while the industrial one raised the pH and the cation exchange capacity of the soil, increased the amounts of phosphorus, calcium + magnesium, and organic matter and reduced the exchangeable aluminum present in the soil. The domestic and industrial sludges may be used to produce physic nut seedlings; however is necessary studies to evaluate the presence of heavy metals or potentially pathogenic microorganisms.


Com os incentivos governamentais para produção de biocombustíveis, o pinhão-manso surgiu como uma planta promissora, devido ao alto teor de óleo nas sementes. Objetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar a nutrição de mudas de pinhão-manso e alterações nos atributos químicos do solo, em função de doses de lodos de esgoto doméstico e industrial. Dois experimentos em um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, foram conduzidos utilizando amostras de um Latossolo Amarelo que recebeu cinco doses de cada lodo, equivalentes a 0; 100; 150; 200 e 300 kg N total ha-1. O lodo de esgoto doméstico elevou os teores de cálcio e magnésio na massa seca da parte aérea e raiz e de nitrogênio e fósforo na massa seca da parte aérea das mudas de pinhão-manso, enquanto o lodo industrial elevou os teores de cálcio e nitrogênio na massa seca da parte aérea e raiz das mudas de pinhão-manso, porém não afetou os teores de fósforo, nitrogênio, magnésio e potássio na massa seca da parte aérea e raiz. O lodo doméstico não alterou o pH do solo, contudo elevou as quantidades de fósforo, cálcio + magnésio, a capacidade de troca catiônica, a matéria orgânica e reduziu o alumínio trocável, enquanto o industrial elevou o pH e a capacidade de troca catiônica do solo, aumentou as quantidades de fósforo, cálcio + magnésio e matéria orgânica e reduziu o alumínio trocável presentes no solo. Os lodos domésticos e industriais podem ser utilizados na produção de mudas de pinhão-manso, contudo é necessário estudos sobre a presença de metais pesados ou micro-organismos patogênicos.


Subject(s)
Plants , Sewage , Soil Characteristics , Food , Jatropha
14.
Ciênc. rural ; 45(4): 651-657, 04/2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-742815

ABSTRACT

A aplicação de composto orgânico no solo pode incrementar a produção de pêssego, porém parte do N pode ser perdido por lixiviação e volatilização. O trabalho objetivou avaliar o estado nutricional das plantas, a produção de pêssego, a lixiviação de formas de N no solo e a volatilização de N-NH3 em um pomar de pessegueiro com a adição de composto orgânico produzido a partir de resíduos de agroindústrias de suco, resíduos de abatedouro de aves e serragem. O pomar foi implantado em 2009 e, em julho de 2010, 2011 e 2012, foram aplicados 0, 3, 6, 12 e 24L de composto por m2 e avaliaram-se os teores totais de nutrientes nas folhas e a produção. Em 2012, usando lisímetros instalados a 20 e a 40cm de profundidade, avaliaram-se as formas de N lixiviadas na solução percolada nos tratamentos 0 e 24L de composto. Usando câmeras coletoras, foi avaliada a volatilização de N-NH3 em todos os tratamentos até 478h depois da deposição do composto no solo. A aplicação de composto na superfície do solo incrementou o teor de K e N nas folhas completas, aumentando a produção de frutos. A aplicação de composto no florescimento aumentou a concentração de nitrato na solução do solo, somente na profundidade de 20cm. A emissão de amônia aumentou com o incremento da dose de composto aplicado, especialmente e nos períodos de maior temperatura.


The application of organic compost to the soil can increase the production of peach, although part of the N may be lost by leaching and volatilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status, yield of peaches, leaching of N forms and volatilization of NH3-N in a peach orchard with the addition of compost produced from agroindustrial juice waste, poultry slaughterhouse residues and sawdust. The orchard was established in 2009, and in july 2010, 2011 and 2012 the quantities of 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24L of organic compost per m2 were applied on a peach orchard and the total nutrient content in leaves and production was evaluated. In 2012, using lysimeters installed at 20 and 40cm deep in the soil, it was measured the forms of N in the solution in the treatments of 0 and 24L of compost. The volatilization of NH3-N was assessed in all the treatments up to 478h after compost application on the soil. The application of compost on the soil surface increased the content of K and N in whole leaves, increasing fruit production. The compost application at flowering increased the concentration of nitrate in the soil solution at a depth of only 20cm. The ammonia emission increased especially with the augmenting dose of compost applied, and in periods of higher temperature.

15.
Eng. sanit. ambient ; 20(1): 65-78, Jan-Mar/2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-750709

ABSTRACT

Neste trabalho, o enfoque foi a integração dos processos de compostagem e vermicompostagem para otimizar a reciclagem de resíduos sólidos. Cada tratamento recebeu um volume total de 40 cm3 de resíduos. Os experimentos foram realizados em duas etapas: a primeira constituiu-se na pré-compostagem de resíduos sólidos vegetais (RV), com adição de esterco ou serragem de madeira. A irrigação e o revestimento das leiras nessa etapa foram realizados depois de 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias do início, e a temperatura foi monitorada. Na segunda etapa foram testados os tratamentos obtidos da primeira etapa com e sem minhocas. Os experimentos foram colocados em caixas de compensado de 60 cm3 de dimensão, e os tratamentos sem minhocas foram dispostos em leiras e revolvidos a cada 7 dias. Nos tratamentos com minhocas foram adicionadas de 200 a 400 minhocas adultas da espécie Eisenia foetida. O processo foi acompanhado por meio de análises de C/N, variação de temperatura, grau de umidade, pH, matéria orgânica (MO) total, carbono total, teor de ácidos húmicos, nitrogênio total, fósforo e potássio. Na primeira etapa do processo, que constitui a termoestabilização dos resíduos nos diferentes tratamentos, a temperatura máxima atingida foi de 35, 53 e 51°C no 14° dia, respectivamente nos tratamentos RV, resíduos vegetais+serragem de madeira (RVM) e resíduos vegetais+esterco (RVE). Na segunda etapa, após 56 dias, a massa em degradação atingiu a temperatura ambiente, sendo, então, deixada para maturar por 98 dias. O pH final ficou na faixa de 6,74 a 8,90. A relação C/N inicial dos tratamentos RVE e RVM foi 34/1 e 184/1, e chegou a 17/1 e 34/1 após 98 dias utilizando a vermicompostagem.


In this work, the focus was for the integration of composting and vermicomposting processes to optimize the recycling of solid wastes. Each treatment received a total volume of 40 cm3 of waste. The experiments were conducted in two stages: the first consisted in pre-composting solid waste vegetables with addition of manure or sawdust. The irrigation and coating of windrows at this stage were conducted after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days from the beginning, and the temperature was monitored. In the second stage, the treatments obtained from the first stage were tested with and without earthworms. The experiments were placed in wooden boxes of 60 cm³ in size, and the treatments without earthworms were placed in windrows and scrambled every 7 days. In the treatments with earthworms were added 200-400 adult worms, Eisenia foetida. During the process the C/N ratio, temperature variation, moisture content, pH, total organic matter, total carbon, humic acid content, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were evaluated. In the first stage of the process, which is the thermal stabilization of residues in the different treatments, the maximum temperature reached 35, 53 and 51°C on the 14th day, respectively in RV, RVM e RVE treatments. In the second stage, after 56 days, the ambient temperature was reached; the organic wastes were then laid to reach full maturity for 98 more days. The final pH was in the range from 6.74 to 8.90. The C/N ratio of the RVE treatment and the RVM treatment was initially around 34/1 and 184/1 and after 98 days they was around 17/1 and 34/1 using the vermicomposting.

16.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 30(3): 782-791, may/june 2014. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-947461

ABSTRACT

Na região Nordeste do país o pinhão-manso surge como uma planta promissora para a produção de biodiesel devido ao alto teor de óleo nas sementes. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o comportamento e a qualidade de mudas do pinhão-manso, em função de doses de lodos de esgoto doméstico e industrial. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação com cinco tratamentos, consistindo de cinco doses de ambos os lodos de esgoto (equivalentes a 0, 100, 150, 200 e 300 kg N total ha-1), no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram: comprimento da parte aérea, comprimento da raiz, número de folhas, diâmetro do caule, massa fresca da parte aérea, massa fresca da raiz, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da raiz e índice de qualidade de mudas de Dickson (IQD). O lodo de esgoto industrial favorece as variáveis relacionadas à raiz até a dose de 200 kg N total ha-1 e o lodo de esgoto doméstico as variáveis relacionadas à parte aérea na dose de 200 kg N total ha-1, exceto para a massa seca da parte aérea e raiz de mudas de pinhão-manso. O lodo de esgoto industrial não alterou a quantidade de massa seca da parte aérea de mudas de pinhão-manso. O índice de qualidade de Dickson caracteriza as mudas de pinhão-manso como de boa qualidade, contudo não apresenta diferença significativa entre os tratamentos.


In the Northeast region of the country the physic nut emerges as a promising plant for the biodiesel production, due its high oil content in seeds. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior and seedlings quality of physic nut, depending on the dose of domestic and industrialsewage sludge. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse with five treatments, consisting in five doses for both sewage sludge (equivalent to 0, 100, 150, 200 and 300 kg total N ha-1), in complete randomized blocks, with four replications. The variables analyzed were: shoot length, root length, leaf number, stem diameter, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry mass and index of seedlings quality of Dickson. The industrial sewage sludge increases the variables related to the root until level of 200 kg total N ha-1 and domestic sewage sludge increases variables related to shoot at a dose of 200 kg total N ha-1, except for the dry matter of shoot and root system of physic nut seedlings. The industrial sewage sludge did not change the amount of dry matter of shoots of physic nut seedlings. The Dickson quality index (DQI) characterizes the seedlings of physic nut as good quality, however no significant difference was found between treatments.


Subject(s)
Soil , Food , Domestic Effluents , Jatropha
17.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 30(3 Supplement): 131-139, 2014. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-947540

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a dinâmica dos micronutrientes ferro e manganês no solo, advindos de adubação com dejetos orgânicos e adubação mineral em cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Uberlândia-MG, na área experimental da Cia. Mineira de Açúcar e Álcool do Triângulo Mineiro Ltda. O experimento foi montado em esquema de blocos casualisados, com fatorial de parcelas subdivididas no espaço em 5x2x6 (tipo de adubo, gesso agrícola e profundidade). A variedade de cana-de-açúcar plantada foi a RB 867515 de ciclo médio/tardia. Os tratamentos, aplicados no fundo do sulco de plantio, foram às fontes de adubos cama de frango, cama de peru, esterco bovino, adubo compostado e fertilizante mineral, todos combinados com e sem gesso agrícola. Realizaram-se a amostragem de solo para análise de ferro e manganês, retiradas na linha de plantio nas profundidades 0-15, 15-30, 30-45, 45-60, 60-75 e 75-90 cm. A interação esterco bovino sem aplicação de gesso agrícola resultou em maior teor de ferro disponível e manganês disponível, sendo os demais resíduos orgânicos os teores foram maiores com a interação de gesso. A aplicação de gesso agrícola provocou pouca alteração nos teores dos micronutrientes ao longo do perfil do solo. Os teores dos micronutrientes no solo estiveram abaixo do nível crítico conforme as classes de interpretação de disponibilidade de micronutrientes, portanto ao se aplicar os resíduos orgânicos, estes não causarão fitotoxidez à cultura da cana-de-açúcar.


This study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of the micronutrients iron and manganese in the soil, resulting from fertilization with organic manure and mineral fertilization on cane sugar. The experiment was conducted in Uberlândia-MG, in the experimental area of the Mining Company of Sugar and Alcohol of Minas Gerais Ltda. The experiment was arranged in a complete randomized blocks with factorial split-plot in space 5x2x6 (type of fertilizer, gypsum and depth). The variety of sugar cane was planted 867,515 RB medium cycle / late. The treatments, applied at the bottom of the furrow, were the sources of fertilizers poultry litter, bedding turkey, cattle manure, compost and mineral fertilizer, all combined with and without agricultural gypsum. There were soil samples for analysis of iron and manganese, taken along the lines of planting depths 0-15, 15-30, 30-45, 45-60, 60-75, 75-90 cm. The interaction manure without application of agricultural gypsum had the highest content of iron and manganese. There was an increase in the levels of iron in the agricultural gypsum treatments with mineral fertilizer, turkey litter and composted manure. The agricultural gypsum didn't increase the levels of manganese in the soil. There was an increase of manganese with the use of poultry litter and cattle manure in the absence of gypsum. There was no mobilization along the profile of the iron manganese applications of agricultural gypsum.


Subject(s)
Soil , Garbage , Saccharum , Iron , Manganese , Micronutrients
18.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 16(2,supl.1): 398-405, 2014. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-719470

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the production and chemical composition of the essential oil of Brazilian pepper fruits grown in single and double rows using different doses of semi decomposed poultry litter in two evaluation times. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Grande Dourados, in the city of Dourados, state o- Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, from October 2009 to November 2010. Brazilian pepper plants were grown in single and double rows in soil with incorporated poultry litter at the doses of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 t ha-1. Treatments were arranged as a 2 x 5 factorial experiment in a randomized block design with four replications. Fruits were harvested 180 and 390 days after transplant (DAT). There was a significant interaction for fresh weight of fruits and weight of 50 fruits, being the values higher at 180 DAT in the double rows with increasing poultry litter doses. Fruits harvested 390 DAT showed higher diameter compared with those harvested 180 DAT. The number of fruits per bunch was significantly influenced by the doses of poultry litter, presenting a linear increase with increasing doses. The essential oil of the Brazilian pepper fruits obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry exhibited predominance of monoterpenes, highlighting α-pinene (20.14%) as the major constituent. The chemical composition of the essential oil was not influenced by the number of plant rows in the plot or by the doses of poultry litter in any evaluation time. Therefore, the cultivation of Brazilian pepper plants is recommended in double rows, with 13.59 t ha-1 of incorporated poultry litter in the soi, and with harvest of 180 DAT for higher fruit production.


O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a produção e composição química do óleo essencial de frutos de pimenta-rosa cultivados em fileira simples e dupla com diferentes doses de cama-de-frango semidecomposta em duas épocas de avaliação. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, em Dourados/MS, de outubro de 2009 a novembro de 2010. Plantas de pimenta-rosa foram cultivadas em fileira simples e dupla, em solo com cama-de-frango incorporada nas doses de 0, 5, 10, 15 e 20 t ha-1. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em fatorial 2 x 5, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Os frutos foram colhidos aos 180 e 390 dias após o transplante (DAT). Houve interação significativa para peso fresco de frutos e peso de 50 frutos, sendo os valores maiores aos 180 DAT nas plantas cultivadas em fileira dupla, relacionado com o aumento das doses de cama-de-frango. Os frutos colhidos aos 390 DAT apresentaram maior diâmetro comparado com aqueles coletados aos 180 DAT. O número de frutos por cacho foi influenciado significativamente pelas doses de cama-de-frango, tendo aumento linear em função do aumento das doses. O óleo essencial dos frutos de pimenta-rosa obtido por hidrodestilação e analisado por cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massas exibiu predominância de monoterpenos, apresentando como principal constituinte o α-pineno (20,14%). A composição química do óleo essencial não foi influenciada pelo número de fileiras de plantas na parcela, nem pelas doses de cama-de-frango, em nenhuma das épocas de avaliação. Portanto, para maior produção de frutos recomenda-se o cultivo de plantas de pimenta-rosa em fileira dupla e 13.59 t ha-1 de cama-de-frango incorporada ao solo com colheita aos 180 DAT.


Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Pimenta/metabolism , Plants, Medicinal/classification , Waste Products/analysis , Anacardiaceae/metabolism , Fertilizers
19.
Mycobiology ; : 42-46, 2013.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-730083

ABSTRACT

The effects of the composition of a mixture containing food waste compost (FWC), rice bran (RB), and oak sawdust (SD) on the antler-type fruiting body (FB) yield of Ganoderma lucidum were studied. Experiments were performed using 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40% (w/w) FWC added to a basal growth medium consisting of 20% (w/w) RB and 80% (w/w) SD. The content of 15% FWC gave the highest FB yield (27.0 +/- 1.3 g/bottle), which was 44% higher than the yield (18.6 +/- 2.8 g/bottle) of the control treatment. However, FWC contents of 20~40% showed reduced yield (2.4~23.0 g/bottle), partly because FWC had a high Na concentration (0.6%). These results demonstrate the potential for use of FWC as a component of a growth medium for production of G. lucidum FBs.


Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Fruit , Ganoderma , Reishi , Soil
20.
Mycobiology ; : 210-213, 2013.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-729410

ABSTRACT

The objectives of this study were to evaluate applicability of food waste compost (FWC) as a substrate for cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinula edodes, and Pholiota adipose, and to determine contents of Ca, Mg, Na, and K in fruiting bodies (FB). FB yield per substrate in FWC-free controls was 53 +/- 4 g/kg for G. lucidum, 270 +/- 90 g/kg for L. edodes, and 1,430 +/- 355 g/kg for P. adipose. Substrates supplemented with FWC showed the highest FB production at FWC content of 10% for G. lucidum (64 +/- 6 g/kg), and 13% for L. edodes (665 +/- 110 g/kg) and P. adipose (2,345 +/- 395 g/kg), which were 1.2~2.5 times higher than the values for the controls. P. adipose contained higher amounts of mineral elements than the other species. Ca, Mg, Na, and K content in FB did not show a significant relation to FWC content.


Subject(s)
Fruit , Ganoderma , Lentinula , Pholiota , Reishi , Shiitake Mushrooms , Soil
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